Visual information classification technique of Chinese tourism government portals

: The development of new visualisation technology application tools and platforms is driven by the growth of visualisation technology application requirements and the continuous expansion of the Internet users. Based on the conception and development of the concept of data visualisation, the authors classify and compare the technical tools applied in several kinds of data visualisation technologies and distinguish the visual expressions into traditional visual expressions and new visual representations. Then, they perform the statistical analysis of the information types of the tourism government portals of Guangdong Province, Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province, Shandong Province, and Sichuan Province, which ranks on the top five of total tourism revenue in 2017. Furthermore, they analyse people's preferences for information types and provide suggestions based on people's preferences for information types and the types of information derived from travel administration websites.


Introduction
In the era of big data, the development of social informatisation and networking has led to the explosive growth of data [1]. The traditional way of presenting information in texts has not kept pace with the advancement of the times. The provincial tourism government departments have a large number of tourism-related travel data and information. However, it is not enough to have a large amount of data and information. How to present the value of data and information in a clear and interesting way is more important.
Vision is the most important way for human to get information. Scientific research shows that >80% information is obtained through the visual system, and visual information processing has significant advantages of high speed, large capacity, and parallelism [2]. People simulate and analogise abstract information and data, transform it into image and specific visual information, and effectively improve the efficiency and management performance of organisational activities. People's demand for information expression has also increased with the advent of the era of big data, the development of graphic processing technology, virtual reality technology, information science, and IT technology [3]. Faced with a huge number of complex information data, the traditional information representation can no longer meet the needs of modern people for visual information.
Ben Shneiderman [4] divides the data into seven categories: one-dimensional data (1-D), two-dimensional data (2-D), threedimensional data (3-D), and multidimensional data, temporal, hierarchical (tree), and network data (Network). The traditional mode of information visualisation uses cognitive psychology and visual sensory principles to apply original visual signals such as colour, graphics, and logos to management practice. Modern management faces with a huge problem that is to analyse and process more massive information group than before, for the development of virtual reality technology and the boom of information science. Meanwhile, the requirements for timeliness and accuracy of information are gradually improved. The traditional information visualisation is usually one-time processing, and the simple expression based on the prototype cannot adapt to the needs of modern management. Modern information visualisation is urgent to innovate [5].
In order to meet the requirements of modern management activities and management functions, it is necessary to innovate information visualisation so that it can realise information collection, information integration, information expression, and information management needs. In view of the results of previous studies, this paper distinguishes the visual representations from traditional visual representations and new one. The main manifestations of former are in the way of traditional, single information expressions such as clear text, picture, text combination, video, and its' like; the latter is in the way of understandable and acceptable charts via specific software tools which can turn complicated information into maps, tag clouds [6][7][8], timelines, animations, or any graphical ways to make content easier to understand to alleviate people's visual fatigue.

Application status of visual information to provincial tourism administration websites
This paper selects the top five provinces in tourism revenues, involving Guangdong Province, Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province, Shandong Province, and Sichuan Province for research, and records the visual representations of various types of information published by provincial government tourism websites in these provinces. Table 1 shows the information expressions published by the Tourism Administration Network of Guangdong Province, Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province, Shandong Province, and Sichuan Province. As can be seen from Table 1, a total of 33,744 pieces of information were collected, including 21,092 pieces of plain text information, 11,704 pieces of mixed pictures and texts, and 384 pieces of video information. The three types of traditional information visualisations account for 98% of the information collected; <2% of the information is expressed in relatively new animation diagrams, infographics, maps etc. It illustrates most of the information on provincial tourism administration websites is spread in the form of traditional text or text plus pictures.
From a holistic perspective (Fig. 1), the information types of the tourism administration websites of the five provinces are mainly published in the traditional visual way. The traditional visual information accounts for 98.33% of all information types. Pure text information and picture information are widely used in the traditional visual information, and there is a little video information. The proportion of the three traditional visual information types is 62.51, 34.68, and 1.14%, respectively. In a word, the tourism administration websites in these five provinces As shown in Fig. 2, the use of new visualisation tools is very small in the provincial tourism government website. The information of provincial tourism government websites is mainly spread by traditional visual information distribution methods. The most widely used types of new types of visual information are information chart (304, accounting for 76.76%) and comics graphic (46, accounting for 11.62%). Compared with 12.22%, the digital form (46, accounting for 11.62%).

Related concepts of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets
Definition 1: Suppose int[0,1] represents the entirety of a closed subset of interval numbers [0,1], where X is a given domain, It is the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy set (IVIFSs(X)) on the domain X among them , respectively, indicates that the element x in X belongs to the membership degree and non-affiliation degree of A.
Then, the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy set A can be written as In particular, at that time, the intervalvalued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers degenerate into an intuitionistic fuzzy number set [9].
To simplify the form, record α = For two interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets

Fig. 1 Proportion of traditional and new visual information
For the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy-weighted geometric mean operator, where ω = (ω1, ω2, …, ωn) is the weight vector of α j ( j = 1, 2, …n) and ∑ j = 1 n ω j = 1 [10]. The emphasis of the two operators is different. The weighted arithmetic averaging operator focuses on the group influence, but the influence on an individual object is not very sensitive; the weighted geometric averaging operator focuses on the individual influence.
Definition 3: for the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy function α = ([a, b],[c, d]), For the score function of the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy number α, the ordering rule is: the larger the interval, the better the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy function.

Decision steps
Since this study focuses on the use, the decision-making steps based on improved interval-intuitionistic fuzzy entropy and new scoring function proposed by Gao et al. [11] are directly used as follows: Step 1: For a certain interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy multiattribute decision problem, the decision-maker measures the attribute C j (j = 1, 2, …, m) for the solution A i (i = 1, 2, …, n). Given The jth attribute weight can be expressed as Step 3: To highlight the influence of all attributes on the scheme, find the comprehensive attribute value r i , (i = 1, 2,…, n) of the decision scheme A i (i = 1, 2,…, n) Step 4: Using the score function, find the score function value G(r i ) of the comprehensive attribute value r i of each scheme A i (i = 1, 2, …, n).
Step 5: Sort the alternatives according to the size of the score function value G(r i ).

Applying interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets to sort tourism government websites
Five tourism websites (Guangdong Province A 1 , Jiangsu Province A 2 , Zhejiang Province A 3 , Shandong Province A 4 , Sichuan Province A 5 ) are evaluated, and their traditional visual information representation C 1 and new visual representation C 2 are sorted. Then, after statistical processing, the evaluation information given by the audience can be expressed as an interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy number, as shown in Table 2.
Using the calculation formulas of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy entropy (2) and (3), the weights of the attributes C j (j = 1,2) are, respectively, The comprehensive attribute value r i of the decision equation A i (i = 1,2,3,4,5) is obtained by using the formula (4).
From the point of view of ranking, Zhejiang and Shandong provinces use new forms of visualisation when they publish information. Compared with other provinces, they are more advanced. It can be seen that people are more inclined to receive more intuitive and easy-to-understand information expressions.

Analysis of the development trend of information visualisation
In the future, there will be more and more applications for expressing information in visual form, which can be roughly divided into comparison class, distribution class, process class, proportion class, association class, interval class, trend class, time class, and map class. The development of visualisation shows four trends: planar two-dimensional to three-dimensional multidimensional transformation, information visualisation technology and analytical science, user-centred, and visualisation technology simplification. That is to say, when constructing the information visualisation system, considering the dynamic attributes of information, the process of information analysis, the background of users, and combining with the application of various fields, the operation simplicity of information visualisation technology is realised. By visualising information, our brains are better able to capture and store effective information and increase the impression of information.

Government is not strong enough on the visualisation of tourism websites:
Most of government departments of China lack of long-term vision in the era of big data, ignoring the social value of government information visualisation, focusing only on data collection, ignoring the analysis, and utilisation of information. Among the five provincial tourism administration websites in this paper, only the tourism administration website of Zhejiang Province used the big data visualisation technology to release the real-time scenic spot tourist flow monitoring table for each scenic spot in Zhejiang Province, and announced the real-time scenic spot status. Provide visitors with real-time situation of the scenic spot and reasonably avoid congestion. Other provinces use less information visualisation tools and release less new visual information.

Lack of visualisation techniques and tools:
It can be seen from the information visualisation application of the current tourism government website of China that the use of advanced technologies and tools is more and more extensive. Researchers have adopted the world's leading technology to assist in the completion of information visualisation. Hence, most of the technologies and tools have been introduced into technology giants such as Europe and the USA, but majority of companies do not have information visualisation technologies of China's independent property rights and there is almost no big data analysis technology. Therefore, Chinese tourism government is still dearth of information visualisation technology and big data analysis tools. Government departments and researchers are expected to continuously innovate, and promote big data research as a national strategy to continuously improve the Chinese level of technology in visualisation field.

Visualisation technology talents shortage:
First of all, in terms of college education, Chinese intellectuals majored in information visualisation account for <1% of the total graduates each year, so Chinese talents in this area are seriously in short. Perhaps the concept of visualisation has just been introduced to China, and everyone is still very strange to it. However, with the increasing value of information visualisation, Chinese college education should pay more attention to the cultivation of talents in this field. Second, regarding government civil servants, the meticulous thinking of logical thinking and the ability of language expression should be attached importance to the selection of civil servants in China. We are not only lack of professional information visualisation technicians, but also engage few crew in visualisation.
In addition, civil servant training is not equipped with relative knowledge and the introduction of methods. All in all, it is high time for Chinese authority to make appropriate adjustments based on the existing civil service system in order to make up for the shortage of talent.

Lack of standardised and unified information visualisation operation system:
In current government information visualisation application, there is no standardised and unified information visualisation operation system. Many researchers are groping forward in the 'long river' of information visualisation. Building a standardised and unified information visualisation operation system is not a copying application of the system, but formulating corresponding feasible solutions according to actual conditions, and making certain supplements and innovations. Therefore, in the initial stage of the development of information visualisation in China, it is imperative for the government to smoothly carry out government information disclosure work by constructing a standardised and unified government information visualisation operation system.

Strengthening the construction of information visualisation:
The obsolescence and backwardness of the government's thinking concept is the endogenous difficulty in realising the visualisation of government information, and it is the fundamental premise for the realisation of government information visualisation to accelerate the transformation of backward government thinking. Therefore, changing the old and backward concept of government thinking has become an urgent task for government departments to achieve management innovation. Apart from these, tourism websites need to add a 'single-reading tourism' section [12], which use this section to express the complicated and complex tourism data in a novel, beautiful and relaxed way, so as to alleviate people's reading pressure and improve the public's sensitivity to government information. Besides, interesting visualisation results are more attractive to the public, which leads to the public's preference for visual government information when obtaining government information, and the public's access to government information will gradually change from 'passive' to 'active.'

Cultivate high-quality information visualisation talents:
First of all, the provinces should strengthen the construction of information visualisation in colleges and universities. Chinese government should increase the investment in the construction of information visualisation in colleges and universities. Secondly, the selection of government civil servants needs to be adjusted correspondingly, and appropriate information visualisation technology talents should be supplemented. Finally, the tourism government department should strengthen the training of internal information visualisation knowledge. Government departments need to establish a systematic information visualisation training program, and value the importance of information visualisation. At the same time, the information visualisation training assessment is summed up in the performance appraisal of civil servants to ensure the in-depth implementation of information visualisation training.

Introduction, research and development of visualisation technology and tools:
At present, there are wide ranges of research, development, and application fields for visualisation in the world, and corresponding software systems and tools are also diverse. Information visualisation software and development tools are mainly for complex graphics\ analysis, high-dimensional multivariate data, text and geographic information business intelligence, public communication, and Internet applications. CiteSpace, Tableau, and other visual analysis tools are the most representative. There are still many advanced visualisation tools in the world, and increasing scientific research institutions are working on developing more novel, vivid, and humanised visualisation tools. However, these visualisation tools are all used in business or scientific research. While introducing foreign information visualisation software, Chinese researchers should continue to study and learn from foreign advanced information visualisation technologies. At the same time, they jointly develop a modernised and adaptable tourism government tool with independent property rights in China and the government information visualisation tool for the website, combined with the research status of government information disclosure in China. In addition, the government department should also set up a specialised information visualisation research group, dedicated to the study of government information visualisation technology.

Strengthen the standardised and unified visual operation system:
On the one hand, build a unified technical standard for information resources. 'For the construction of government information disclosure, the state should rationalize the operational processes of government departments and establish a sound and unified technical standard for information resources according to the characteristics of government information' [13].With the advent of the era of big data, government departments should strengthen their infrastructure in the Internet, the operating system, data acquisition system, security technology, data format, and other aspects to establish a unified technical standards, thereby avoiding technical inconsistencies in the process of opening and sharing information resources. On the other hand, improve the ability of government information resources to share, so that government information disclosure can more effectively exert its own economic and social benefits, and systematically train government information executives and key personnel to understand the 'real value' of integration of information resources. Master the knowledge of top level design of government information disclosure and the unified technical standards. In summary, the opening and sharing of information resources is an important condition for the realisation of government information visualisation.

Conclusion
In order to know the difference between the information released by the government and the type of information the public wants to obtain, the information published by the provincial tourism government website is classified and the public's preferences for different types are obtained. The study summarises the problems that exist when the tourism government releases information and gives corresponding suggestions.